Essay Portal

Explore a collection of philosophical writings on a wide variety of topics, contributed by writers from within and beyond Philosium. Non-English essays are available through local Philosium channels.

All Metaphilosophy German Idealism Decolonial philosophy Philosophy of AI Philosophy of Power Philosophical Anthropology Analytic philosophy Continental philosophy Early modern philosophy Epistemology Ethics & Moral philosophy Existentialism Feminist philosophy Logic & Reasoning Metaphysics Phenomenology Philosophy of Action Philosophy of Culture Philosophy of Economics Philosophy of Education Philosophy of Language Philosophy of Mathematics Philosophy of Mind Philosophy of Religion Philosophy of Science Philosophy of Technology Political philosophy Social philosophy

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Ethics & Moral philosophy

Philosophy of Action

Is it Better to Commit Injustice or to Suffer It?

Socrates would rather suffer injustice than commit it. Weighing material self-interest against Kantian moral duty, this essay shows the verdict is not universal: once moral conscience enters each person's calculation, the answer shifts with the circumstances.

Early modern philosophy

Epistemology

Philosophy of Technology

Political philosophy

Knowledge and Society in the Age of Artificial Intelligence: A Baconian Perspective

Bacon warned that language distorts knowledge. AI, built entirely from human language, may fulfil his dream of organised knowledge while amplifying these distortions. This essay reads misinformation, opacity, and technocratic power through his "Idols of the Marketplace".

Ethics & Moral philosophy

Metaphysics

Philosophy of Action

On Freedom

Starting from Le Guin's claim that the universe is not a machine, this essay weighs Kant's hybrid will, Freud's psychic determinism, and Sartre's bad faith, before turning to the Taoist idea of Wu Wei, to argue that freedom without reason lacks direction.

Epistemology

Feminist philosophy

The World as Socially Perceived and Produced: a Feminist Approach to the Impossibility of Marginalized Worlds

What if there is no single objective world to find, only worlds made through perception shaped by language and power? Through a feminist lens, this essay shows how marginalized worlds are rendered "impossible," and why the real task may be making them possible.

Decolonial philosophy

Feminist philosophy

Social philosophy

Toward a Feminist Critique of Patriarchal Mythopoesis: Counter-Logocentric Subjectivities and Biopolitical Embodiment in Cutrufelli, Carson and Doyle

Literature rewrites the myths that made women "ungrammatical" subjects. Through Carson's doubled Helen and Cutrufelli's four mothers, can auto/myth/biography restore women's epistemic agency, and reimagine surrogacy as a collective act?

Epistemology

Metaphysics

Living Through the Phenomenon

Murdoch calls finding reality life's great task, yet Kant's veil of phenomena puts the noumenon beyond reach. Can a task that cannot be completed still be worth pursuing? Weighing ignorance and hedonism against it, this essay answers yes: to pursue is to understand within our limits.

German Idealism

Metaphysics

The Flower of the Infinite: Conceiving the Knowing and Social Subject after Blaise Pascal

Pascal claims thought lets us grasp the universe, yet thought itself is grounded in being. Following Schelling and St. Basil, this essay argues that the true, the good, and the beautiful are one act of Being, and that our dignity lies in moving toward a shared, unconditioned possession.

Ethics & Moral philosophy

Philosophy of Action

What guides my action?

Is my action guided by desire or by reason? Starting from a cake shared between a child and a mother, this essay argues that choice is caught in a conflict between pleasure and morality, and that what decides is where each person stands between these two poles.

Ethics & Moral philosophy

Phenomenology

Social philosophy

Between Self and Space: Dignity, Alterity, and the Modern Condition of Freedom and Reason in our Society

Pascal locates dignity in thought, but society invented the very concept of dignity. Drawing on Levinas's "face of the Other," this essay shows how digital life dissolves the ethical encounter, and why identity and alterity must be held together.

Epistemology

Philosophy of Economics

Philosophy of Science

Social Sciences: Prediction or Premonition?

Social sciences claim the rigor of prediction, yet many of their findings resemble premonition. Comparing sociology to alchemy and economics to crystal-ball forecasting, this essay argues that scientific authority can become a form of magical thinking, and that the world's magic is not dispelled.

Epistemology

Philosophy of Technology

The End of History: for real this time

Fukuyama declared history's end in liberal democracy; this essay proposes another ending. As information floods the digital age, the amount of events outpaces our capacity to understand them, and distrust erodes truth itself. Will we escape this bottleneck, or return to a neo-medieval world?

Epistemology

Truth Wouldn’t Exist Without Humans

Many believe some truths, like 1 + 1 = 2, would hold even without minds. This essay argues that, on most theories of truth, truth requires truth-bearers such as propositions, which depend on minds, so truth could not exist without humans. Yet the argument itself leaves open whether propositions might be eternal.

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