Essay Portal

Explore a collection of philosophical writings on a wide variety of topics, contributed by writers from within and beyond Philosium. Non-English essays are available through local Philosium channels.

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Epistemology

Ethics & Moral philosophy

Essay on Iris Murdoch

You probably hurt someone today without noticing. Drawing on Iris Murdoch, this essay argues that we live in illusion, and that learning to see others as they truly are is not just an intellectual task but a moral duty.

Philosophical Anthropology

Ethics & Moral philosophy

Philosophy of Technology

The Critique of Transhumanism in Magnifica Humanitas

Should humanity upgrade itself beyond its limits? Reading Pope Leo XIV's Magnifica Humanitas on secular ground, this essay challenges transhumanist promises of productivity, immortality, and a world without suffering.

Ethics & Moral philosophy

Wrongness of Killing in an Epicurian Account of Death

If death is nothing to the one who dies, what makes killing wrong? Setting aside the harm of death, this essay finds the answer elsewhere: in what a society permitting killing would lose, namely trust and security.

Ethics & Moral philosophy

Metaphysics

Am I Bound By A Past Self’s Promise?

Between Fried's trust and Parfit's stranger, this essay argues that past self-promises are inherited trusts, kept only while the deep desires behind them still live, and retired without guilt once genuine growth has outgrown them.

Philosophical Anthropology

Ethics & Moral philosophy

The Boundaries of Conscience and the Expanse of Reason: Nietzschean Ethics of Authenticity

The essay interprets Nietzsche’s critique of conscience as a warning against using emotional comfort to excuse failure. It argues that authentic living requires embracing the full range of emotional experience, then evaluating it through reason to move closer to truth and self-understanding.

Ethics & Moral philosophy

Philosophy of Technology

The Fragmentation of Reason: Ethics vs Instrumentality in the Modern Society

Reason makes us free, yet reason alone can endanger that freedom. Using Oppenheimer as a case study, this essay distinguishes instrumental from ethical reason and defends self-imposed limits as the condition of lasting human freedom.

Ethics & Moral philosophy

Philosophy of Action

Is it Better to Commit Injustice or to Suffer It?

Socrates would rather suffer injustice than commit it. Weighing material self-interest against Kantian moral duty, this essay shows the verdict is not universal: once moral conscience enters each person's calculation, the answer shifts with the circumstances.

Ethics & Moral philosophy

Metaphysics

Philosophy of Action

On Freedom

Starting from Le Guin's claim that the universe is not a machine, this essay weighs Kant's hybrid will, Freud's psychic determinism, and Sartre's bad faith, before turning to the Taoist idea of Wu Wei, to argue that freedom without reason lacks direction.

Ethics & Moral philosophy

Philosophy of Action

What guides my action?

Is my action guided by desire or by reason? Starting from a cake shared between a child and a mother, this essay argues that choice is caught in a conflict between pleasure and morality, and that what decides is where each person stands between these two poles.

Ethics & Moral philosophy

Phenomenology

Social philosophy

Between Self and Space: Dignity, Alterity, and the Modern Condition of Freedom and Reason in our Society

Pascal locates dignity in thought, but society invented the very concept of dignity. Drawing on Levinas's "face of the Other," this essay shows how digital life dissolves the ethical encounter, and why identity and alterity must be held together.

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